Prefatory Note on Strata At Tattapani — the hot water — on the Sutlej between Shimla and Rampur, there were once sulphur springs that surfaced at the river’s edge. The water came from deep in the Main Central Thrust, where the Indian plate dives beneath the Tibetan, and the friction of that collision heats groundwater to temperatures that would dissolve stone if the stone were not already dissolved: silica, sulphur, calcium, iron, manganese, each mineral entering the water at its own depth and its own temperature and arriving at the surface in a ratio that was specific to this place and no other. The springs at Tattapani had a chemical signature as distinct as a voice — the same minerals that surface at Manikaran, at Kheerganga, at Vashisht, but in proportions that belonged to this bend in the Sutlej and nowhere else.
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